The Principle of Justice and Equality in the Perspective of Islamic Law on the Modern Concept of Human Rights

Abstract

This article examines the principles of justice (‘adl) and equality (musāwah) in Islamic law and their relevance to the modern concept of human rights. This study employs a qualitative method with a normative-theological approach and literature analysis based on primary sources such as the Qur’an, Hadith, and both classical and contemporary Islamic legal scholarship. The findings reveal that Islam has established the values of justice and equality long before the emergence of modern human rights discourse. These principles are rooted in the doctrine of tawhid, which affirms the equality of all human beings before God. The study also identifies significant intersections between Islamic law and modern human rights, particularly in upholding human dignity, while differing in terms of epistemological foundation and source of legitimacy. Understanding this harmony highlights how Islamic legal principles can contribute to strengthening global human ethics and the development of justice-oriented national law.